Large-scale synthesis of BaxSr1−xTiO3 nanowires with controlled stoichiometry

This study demonstrates a highly efficient method for large-scale synthesis BaTiO3 nanowires (NWs) using a two-step hydrothermal reaction. This synthesis process provides a facile approach to the growth of BaTiO3 NWs with high yield and control over the stoichiometry of the BaxSr1−xTiO3 solid solution. The ferroelectricity of the BaTiO3 NWs is directly characterized using atomic force microscopy with the piezoelectric strain coupling coefficient (d33) reaching 31.1 pm/V. This work provide an avenue for high volume manufacturing of ferroelectric NWs, allowing both fundamental investigation of nanoscale ferroelectricity as well as their future application in the electrical devices.