生物
DNA甲基化
DNA去甲基化
表观遗传学
DNA糖基化酶
胞嘧啶
DNA复制
DNA
基底切除修复术
遗传学
表观遗传学
DNA修复
基因
甲基化
细胞生物学
基因表达
出处
期刊:Cell
[Elsevier]
日期:2014-01-01
卷期号:156 (1-2): 45-68
被引量:906
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.cell.2013.12.019
摘要
Methylation of cytosines in the mammalian genome represents a key epigenetic modification and is dynamically regulated during development. Compelling evidence now suggests that dynamic regulation of DNA methylation is mainly achieved through a cyclic enzymatic cascade comprised of cytosine methylation, iterative oxidation of methyl group by TET dioxygenases, and restoration of unmodified cytosines by either replication-dependent dilution or DNA glycosylase-initiated base excision repair. In this review, we discuss the mechanism and function of DNA demethylation in mammalian genomes, focusing particularly on how developmental modulation of the cytosine-modifying pathway is coupled to active reversal of DNA methylation in diverse biological processes.
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