胰岛素抵抗
背景(考古学)
脂肪组织
内分泌学
内科学
医学
2型糖尿病
疾病
代谢综合征
肥胖
人口
非酒精性脂肪肝
糖尿病
骨骼肌
生理学
脂肪肝
生物
环境卫生
古生物学
作者
Xin Cao,John P. Thyfault
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.exger.2023.112178
摘要
Over the last few decades, metabolic disease rates have been on the rise, and this is partially due to older individuals (>65 years of age) making up a higher percentage of the general population. As a result, older age is recognized as a major factor in the global metabolic disorders epidemic (insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes (T2D), fatty liver) and chronic disease conditions (Alzheimer's, cardiovascular disease, etc.). In addition, aging synergizes with obesity and chronic physical inactivity to further drive risk. Exercise or moderate to vigorous physical activity induces adaptations that positively modulate metabolic health in all age groups, including older individuals. Most studies have focused on how aging negatively impacts metabolic function in a specific tissue and how exercise offsets those declines and improves metabolic function. However, during exercise, multiple tissues work in concert to coordinate energy metabolism and maintain metabolic homeostasis. As a result, the metabolic stress of exercise results in long-term adaptations, which are associated with protection against metabolic disease states through mechanisms that are incompletely understood and even less investigated in older individuals (>65 years of age). This review focuses on how exercise affects skeletal muscle, liver, and adipose metabolism in an integrated fashion to modulate improved metabolic health in the context of aging.
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