New players on lipid droplets: Their regulations and functions

Lipid droplets (LDs) are highly conserved organelles found across a wide range of organisms, from prokaryotic to eukaryotes. LD proteins are a diverse group of proteins that are associated with LDs, regulating various aspects of LD function, such as storage, mobilization, and interactions with other organelles. Recent research in LD proteins has uncovered a broader range of physiological and pathological roles of LDs, extending beyond their traditional function in lipid metabolism. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms behind LD protein targeting and explore the discovery of new players on LDs, highlighting their specific contributions to cellular function. These discoveries significantly deepen our understanding of LD biology.