Management of an intermediate phase via a multifunctional dietary supplement for efficient and stable perovskite solar cells

GluACl is employed to form a intermediate phase of (GluA)(PbI 3 )·DMSO, which can slow down the crystal growth rate, improve the film quality, and enhance the device performances. The target device achieved a PCE of ∼24% with a high V OC of 1.20 V.