Differences in lasers and laser technologies: what does a clinician need to know?

Purpose of review This review focuses on recent advancements in laser technologies used in urology, particularly in enucleation, vaporization, lithotripsy, and focal laser ablation (FLA). The growing use of the thulium fiber laser (TFL) and the development of pulsed thulium lasers (p-Tm:YAG) highlight the relevance of this review, as these innovations aim to improve precision and outcomes in urological procedures. Recent findings Recent studies have shown the advantages of TFL in achieving precise tissue ablation, reduced retropulsion offered by the Moses technology in holmium lasers, and the potential of pulsed thulium lasers for more precise control of the effects on tissues. Additionally, FLA is gaining traction for its ability to treat localized prostate cancer with minimal collateral damage. These technologies not only optimize procedural accuracy but also reduce complications, making them safer for high-risk patients, including those receiving anticoagulants. Summary The advancements in laser technology, including TFL, Moses technology, and pulsed thulium lasers, are improving outcomes in urological surgeries by increasing precision, reducing operative time, and minimizing complications. FLA represents a promising alternative for minimally invasive cancer treatments. Ongoing research should focus on optimizing laser parameters and exploring broader clinical applications.