Road-Map to Epicardial Approach for Catheter Ablation of Ventricular Tachycardia in Structural Heart Disease: Results From a 10-Year Tertiary-Center Experience

Epicardial approach in ventricular tachycardia (VT) ablation is still regarded as a second-step strategy, due to the risk of complications. We evaluated the frequency that epicardial ablation targets were identified and ablation performed following pericardial access compared with unnecessary pericardial access for different VT causes and potential markers of epicardial VT.