[Clinical analysis of 15 pregnant women complicated with moyamoya disease].

Objective: To explore the effects of pregnancy complicated with moyamoya disease on maternal and fetal outcomes. Methods: The general clinical data and maternal and fetal outcomes of 20 pregnancies of 15 patients with moyamoya disease admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2012 to October 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Results: (1) General information: among the 20 pregnancies of 15 clearly diagnosed pregnant women complicated with moyamoya disease, 12 were diagnosed before pregnancy (60%, 12/20), 3 were diagnosed during pregnancy (15%, 3/20), and 5 were diagnosed during puerperal period (25%, 5/20). There were 7 cases of primipara (35%, 7/20) and 13 cases of multipara (65%, 13/20). (2) Pregnancy complications and maternal and infant outcomes: among the 20 pregnancies of 15 pregnant women with moyamoya disease, there were 9 pregnancy complications (45%, 9/20), including 5 gestational hypertension (25%, 5/20), 2 severe pre-eclampsia (10%, 2/20), 1 hyperlipidemia and 1 gestational diabetes mellitus (5%, 1/20). There were 2 case of drug abortion in the first trimester, 3 cases of labor induction in the second trimester, and 15 cases of delivery during the third trimester. All the 15 deliveries were cesarean section, of which 11 (11/15) were cesarean sections with medical indications, and 4 (4/15) were cesarean sections caused by personal factors. General anesthesia was used in 5 cases (5/15), epidural block anesthesia in 7 cases (7/15), and combined spinal and epidural anesthesia in 3 cases (3/15). The median gestational age of 15 neonates was 37.2 weeks (34.0 to 40.8 weeks), with 10 cases (10/15) were full-term infants, and 5 (5/15) were preterm infants (3 of which were associated with hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy). The birth weight of 15 neonates was (2 853±454) g. Four neonates were admitted to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), of which 3 cases were admitted to NICU due to premature delivery and 1 case was admitted to NICU due to neonatal jaundice. There was no neonatal asphyxia or death. All neonates were followed up from 4 months to 6 years after birth, and all grew well. (3) Neurological symptoms during pregnancy: 8 cases (40%, 8/20) had neurological symptoms during pregnancy, and 6 cases (30%, 6/20) had hemorrhagic symptoms, of which 3 cases occurred during the puerperal period (3/6). There were 2 cases of ischemic symptoms (10%, 2/20), all of which occurred during the puerperal period (2/2). (4) Analysis of factors related to the occurrence of cerebral hemorrhage: the incidence of cerebral hemorrhage in patients with moyamoya disease diagnosed before pregnancy was significantly lower than that in those without a clear diagnosis, and the incidence of cerebral hemorrhage in women with moyamoya disease was lower than that in primipara (all P<0.01). The incidence of cerebral hemorrhage in moyamoya patients without hypertensive disorder complicating pregrancy was lower than that in patients with hypertensive disorder complicating pregrancy, but the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Conclusions: Pregnancy combined with moyamoya disease has adverse effects on maternal and infant outcomes, and the incidence of pregnancy complications increases. Cerebral hemorrhage occurres in prenatal and puperium, while cerebral ischemia occurres mainly in puperium.目的： 探讨妊娠合并烟雾病对母儿结局的影响。 方法： 回顾性分析2012年1月至2022年10月郑州大学第一附属医院收治的15例烟雾病患者的20例次妊娠的一般临床资料和母儿结局。 结果： （1）一般情况：15例诊断明确的妊娠合并烟雾病患者的20例次妊娠中，孕前诊断12例次（60%，12/20），妊娠期诊断3例次（15%，3/20），产褥期诊断5例次（25%，5/20）；初产妇7例次（35%，7/20），经产妇13例次（65%，13/20）。（2）妊娠合并症和并发症及母儿结局：15例妊娠合并烟雾病患者的20例次妊娠中，发生妊娠合并症和并发症9例次（45%，9/20），其中妊娠期高血压5例次（25%，5/20），重度子痫前期2例次（10%，2/20），高脂血症和妊娠期糖尿病各1例次；早孕期药物流产2例次，中孕期引产3例次，最终分娩15例次。15例次分娩均为剖宫产术终止妊娠，其中11例次（11/15）为有医学指征的剖宫产术，4例次（4/15）为个人因素导致的剖宫产术；采用全身麻醉5例次（5/15），硬膜外阻滞麻醉7例次（7/15），蛛网膜下腔阻滞-硬膜外阻滞联合麻醉3例次（3/15）。15例新生儿的中位娩出孕周为37.2周（34.0~40.8周），10例（10/15）为足月儿，5例（5/15）为早产儿（其中3例与孕妇妊娠期高血压疾病相关）。15例新生儿的出生体重为（2 853±454）g；入住新生儿重症监护病房（NICU）者4例，其中3例因早产入住NICU，1例因新生儿黄疸入住NICU；无一例新生儿窒息、死亡；所有新生儿随访至出生后4个月~6岁，均生长发育良好。（3）妊娠期神经系统症状：8例次（40%，8/20）妊娠期出现神经系统症状，出血性症状6例次（30%，6/20），其中3例次发生于产褥期（3/6）；缺血性症状2例次（10%，2/20），均发生于产褥期（2/2）。（4）脑出血发生的相关因素分析：孕前明确诊断烟雾病患者脑出血的发生率显著低于未明确诊断者，烟雾病经产妇脑出血的发生率低于初产妇（P均<0.01）；未合并妊娠期高血压疾病的烟雾病患者脑出血的发生率低于合并妊娠期高血压疾病者，但差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。 结论： 妊娠合并烟雾病对母儿结局存在不良影响，脑出血性症状发生于产前或产褥期，脑缺血性症状主要发生于产褥期。.