Novel Self-assembly Pd(II)-Schiff Base Complex Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode for Electrochemical Detection of Paracetamol

Abstract A self-assembly Pd-Schiff base complex was synthesized and used as an electrochemical sensor in phosphate buffer solution, where it enhanced the electrocatalytic activity toward the paracetamol detection. The Schiff base {(HL) = (4-(((Z)-3-(hydroxyimino) butan-2-ylidene) amino)-1,5-dimethyl-2-phenyl-1,2-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one)} was selected to prepare Pd-based complexes due to its high antimicrobial activity. A linear calibration curve was constructed using GC/Pd-SB in paracetamol concentration range of 1–50 μM and its detection limit was calculated as 0.067 μM. The modified electrode, GC/Pd-SB, could successfully determine the paracetamol concentration in human blood serum and commercial drug tablets with high sensitivity. The prepared metal complex was characterized using techniques, namely, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). In addition, electrochemical studies were performed using different electrochemical techniques like cyclic voltammetry (CV), linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), chronoamperometry (CA), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). DFT calculations were used to estimate the equilibrium geometry, molecular orbital, ground-state properties, and interaction energy between paracetamol and palladium. Graphical Abstract