Combination of Robotic Pyeloplasty and Percutaneous Renal Surgery for Simultaneous Treatment of Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction and Calyx Stones

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) and the simultaneous presence of kidney calyx stones represent a challenge for renal surgery. We present a novel technique for the simultaneous treatment of UPJO by robotic pyeloplasty in combination with the percutaneous endoscopic treatment of kidney calyx stones by flexible nephroscopy. <b><i>Patients and Methods:</i></b> Between January 2018 and February 2020, 4 patients were diagnosed with UPJO and simultaneous pelvic or calyceal stones. UPJO was treated by conventional robotic pyeloplasty. After opening the renal pelvis, a flexible 16-French cystoscope was introduced via the 12-mm assistant trocar into the renal pelvis. The kidney calyx stones (<i>n</i> = 1–15) were removed endoscopically through a flexible nephroscope using a Dormia helical basket. Before suturing the anastomosis of the renal pelvis, a ureter stent was inserted. <b><i>Results:</i></b> After the procedure, all patients were stone free. Using the Clavien-Dindo classification, no complications were noted. The mean size of the calculi was 6.69 mm (range: 1–25). Up to 15 calyx stones (mean 3.46) were removed per patient. A complete stone clearance confirmed by postoperative X-ray imaging was achieved in all patients. The mean operative time was 149 min (range: 130–178). Mean hospital stay was 7 days (7–8). The urethral stent was removed after 4–6 weeks. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Robotic management of UPJO and simultaneous flexible nephroscopy for removal of calyceal stones is an effective treatment in 1 session. Combining robotic surgery with flexible percutaneous renal surgery is a feasible, safe, and effective method of the treatment of UPJO and concomitant calyceal stones.