3D-printed interdigital electrodes for electrochemical energy storage devices

Interdigital electrochemical energy storage (EES) device features small size, high integration, and efficient ion transport, which is an ideal candidate for powering integrated microelectronic systems. However, traditional manufacturing techniques have limited capability in fabricating the microdevices with complex microstructure. Three-dimensional (3D) printing, as an emerging advanced manufacturing technology in rapid prototyping of 3D microstructures, can fabricate interdigital EES devices with highly controllable structure. The integration of 3D printing and interdigital devices provides great advantages in electrochemical energy storage. In this review, we discuss the common 3D printing techniques for interdigital EES devices fabrication, then the corresponding material requirements are also introduced. Recent significant research progress made in 3D-printed interdigital electrodes of batteries and supercapacitors are highlighted. Finally, to facilitate further development of 3D-printed interdigital EES devices, relevant challenges are summarized and some prospects are also proposed.Graphic abstract