Unraveling the potential of nanozymes in the tapestry of orthopedic healing

Bone-related disorders, such as osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, and osteosarcoma, have complex origins. Genetic, environmental factors, and significantly, oxidative stress due to Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) play pivotal roles in these disorders. With their profound implications on global health, it becomes imperative to seek innovative therapeutic solutions. Nanozymes, known for their superior stability, cost-effectiveness, and tunable properties, present themselves as a prospective answer in mitigating ROS-driven bone ailments. This review explores the diverse applications and mechanisms of nanozymes in the context of bone health. They show potential in not only counteracting ROS-induced oxidative stress but also in modulating angiogenesis and showcasing antibacterial effects. We systematically analyze the effects of nanozymes on conditions such as osteonecrosis of the femoral head, skin flap transplantation, osteomyelitis, osteoarthritis, intervertebral disc disease, osteoporosis, and osteosarcoma, highlighting their potential roles in modulating disease processes. In addition, we discuss the challenges of applying nanozymes to orthopedic diseases. It offers insights into the transformative potential of nanozymes in bone therapeutics, underscoring the need to address challenges and capitalize on opportunities for their broader application in orthopedics.