Optimization of all-polymer/Sb2Se3 tandem solar cells for enhanced efficiency: a comprehensive TCAD modeling approach

Abstract This paper introduces a novel tandem configuration, utilizing an all-thin film all-polymer solar cell (all-PSC) with a wide bandgap of 1.76 eV for the front cell and Sb 2 Se 3 with a narrow bandgap of 1.2 eV for the bottom cell. The design of this tandem is performed by comprehensive optoelectronic TCAD tools, essential for optimizing parameters across multiple layers to reach maximum power conversion efficiency ( PCE ). Experimental validation of models is conducted through calibration and validation against fabricated reference all-polymer and Sb 2 Se 3 solar cells, yielding calibrated PCEs of approximately 10.1% and 10.5%, respectively. Subsequently, validated simulation models for both top and rear cells are utilized to design a 2-T all-polymer/Sb 2 Se 3 tandem cell, which initially achieves a PCE of 10.91%. Through systematic optimization steps, including interface engineering and homojunction structure design, a remarkable PCE of 24.24% is achieved at the current matching point, showcasing the potential of our proposed tandem solar cell design. This study represents a significant advancement in the field of thin-film tandem solar cells, offering promising avenues for efficient and cost-effective photovoltaic technologies, particularly in applications requiring flexibility.