Global Navigation Satellite Systems Signal Vulnerabilities in Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Operations: Impact of Affordable Software-Defined Radio

Spoofing, alongside jamming of the Global Navigation Satellite System signal, remains a significant hazard during general aviation or Unmanned Aerial Vehicle operations. As aircraft utilize various support systems for navigation, such as INS, an insufficient Global Navigation Satellite System signal renders Unmanned Aerial Vehicles nearly uncontrollable, thereby posing increased danger to operations within airspace and to individuals on the ground. This paper primarily focuses on assessing the impact of the budget friendly Software-Defined Radio, HackRF One 1.0, on the safety of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles operations. Considering the widespread use of Software-Defined Radio devices today, with some being reasonably inexpensive, understanding their influence on Unmanned Aerial Vehicles safety is crucial. The generation of artificial interference capable of posing a potential threat in expanding Unmanned Aerial Vehicles airspace is deemed unacceptable.