Graphene Quantum Dots from Natural Carbon Sources for Drug and Gene Delivery in Cancer Treatment

纳米技术 背景(考古学) 光热治疗 药物输送 生物相容性 量子点 材料科学 癌症 基因传递 化学 医学 遗传增强 生物 古生物学 内科学 冶金 基因 生物化学
作者
Henrry M. Osorio,Fabián Castillo-Solís,Selena Y. Barragán,Cristina Rodríguez-Pólit,Rebeca González‐Pastor
出处
期刊:International Journal of Molecular Sciences [Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute]
卷期号:25 (19): 10539-10539 被引量:8
标识
DOI:10.3390/ijms251910539
摘要

Cancer therapy is constantly evolving, with a growing emphasis on targeted and efficient treatment options. In this context, graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have emerged as promising agents for precise drug and gene delivery due to their unique attributes, such as high surface area, photoluminescence, up-conversion photoluminescence, and biocompatibility. GQDs can damage cancer cells and exhibit intrinsic photothermal conversion and singlet oxygen generation efficiency under specific light irradiation, enhancing their effectiveness. They serve as direct therapeutic agents and versatile drug delivery platforms capable of being easily functionalized with various targeting molecules and therapeutic agents. However, challenges such as achieving uniform size and morphology, precise bandgap engineering, and scalability, along with minimizing cytotoxicity and the environmental impact of their production, must be addressed. Additionally, there is a need for a more comprehensive understanding of cellular mechanisms and drug release processes, as well as improved purification methods. Integrating GQDs into existing drug delivery systems enhances the efficacy of traditional treatments, offering more efficient and less invasive options for cancer patients. This review highlights the transformative potential of GQDs in cancer therapy while acknowledging the challenges that researchers must overcome for broader application.
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