The conflicting role of E2F1 in prostate cancer: A matter of cell context or interpretational flexibility?

The transcription factor E2F1 plays a crucial role in mediating multiple cancer hallmark capabilities that regulate cell cycle, survival, apoptosis, metabolism, and metastasis. Aberrant activation of E2F1 is closely associated with a poor clinical outcome in various human cancers. However, E2F1 has conflictingly been reported to exert tumor suppressive activity, raising a question as to the nature of its substantive role in the control of cell fate. In this review, we summarize deregulated E2F1 activity and its role in prostate cancer. We highlight the recent advances in understanding the molecular mechanism by which E2F1 regulates the development and progression of prostate cancer, providing insight into how cell context or data interpretation shapes the role of E2F1 in prostate cancer. This review will aid in translating biomedical knowledge into therapeutic strategies for prostate cancer.