Self-assembled lyotropic liquid crystal interlayer regulated interfacial polymerization for modulating structure and performance of nanofiltration membranes

) and enhanced fouling resistance, rendering them highly desirable for various separation processes. Further exploration into interfacial structures and mechanisms reveals the pivotal role of the LLC-interlayers in affecting the diffusion of the diamine monomer (i.e., piperazine), thereby resulting in the polyamide layer with the distinctive tubular structure and improved separation properties. Our results highlight the promise and potential of utilizing interlayers with self-assembled structures for creating high-performance NF membranes.