Acute and sub-chronic 90-day oral toxicity study of Perilla seed oil in rodents and Beagle dogs

Perilla seeds are used as food and traditional medicine in China. This study aimed to investigate the toxicity profile of Perilla seed oil (PSO), which is the main constituent of Perilla seeds in rodents and Beagle dogs. No significant treatment-associated toxicity or mortality was observed at PSO dosages of up to 50 g/kg and 20 g/kg in KM mice and Wistar rats, respectively, suggesting that PSO was well tolerated by the experimental rodents. Sub-chronic oral toxicity of PSO was studied in dogs at doses of 3, 6 and 12 g/kg/d for 90 days followed by a 30 day recovery period. The results indicated that the body weight increased in all-dose groups more than control group, typical of animals on diets rich in fatty acids. Treatment-related side effects, including changes in hematology and serum biochemistry parameters, histopathology of liver and lymph glands, were observed in the high and moderate-dose dogs. However, these changes disappeared after the doses were withdrawn during the recovery period, except for alteration of liver in the high-dose group. In conclusion, the "no observed adverse effect level" (NOAEL) of oral administration of PSO for 90 days in Beagle dogs was considered to be 3 g/kg/d.