Depression or Anxiety According to Management Modalities in Patients With Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms

Background: In the treatment of unruptured intracranial aneurysms, the risk was usually estimated by objective neurological sequelae. However, their effects on depression and anxiety are rare and remain controversial. We aimed to evaluate the risk of depression and anxiety in patients with unruptured intracranial aneurysm stratified by management strategies in a population-based, longitudinal cohort study. Methods: Using the Korean National Health Insurance Research Database, 71 750 patients with unruptured intracranial aneurysms between 2008 and 2011 were identified and followed up until the end of 2020. The risk of depression and anxiety was compared among management strategies with respect to age, sex, and medical comorbidities. Results: The Kaplan-Meier survival curves indicated that the treatment (clipping and endovascular treatment) group developed depression more frequently than the observation group ( P <0.001). The adjusted hazard ratio was 1.11 (95% CI, 1.07–1.15) in the treatment group. According to the management modality, the Kaplan-Meier survival curves indicated that clipping and endovascular treatment groups developed depression more frequently than the observation group ( P <0.0001). The adjusted hazard ratio was 1.15 (95% CI, 1.10–1.21) for clipping and 1.07 (95% CI, 1.02–1.12) for endovascular treatment. The depression risk was higher with advanced age (hazard ratio for 45–64 years, 1.37 [95% CI, 1.29–1.45] and hazard ratio for ≥65 years, 2.04 [95% CI, 1.92–2.17]). The risk for anxiety did not differ among the management modalities. Conclusions: In this study, the risk of depression was slightly greater after clipping surgery than endovascular treatment. Data on treatment-related, long-term psychological outcomes, such as depression, may aid decision-making for preventive treatment of asymptomatic unruptured intracranial aneurysm patients.