Mechanistically Engineered Heterojunction From Spent LFP for Efficient Oxygen Evolution Electrocatalysis

, respectively, in chloride-containing electrolytes, along with excellent durability. Techno-economic analysis indicates a six-fold improvement in cost-efficiency over conventional recycling. This work establishes a mechanistically informed and energy-efficient upcycling strategy that bridges battery waste management with functional catalyst design, advancing both sustainable materials chemistry and water-splitting technologies.