CuO-Cu2O nanostructures as a sensitive sensing platform for electrochemical sensing of dopamine, serotonin, acetaminophen, and caffeine substances

In this study, CuO-Cu2O was synthesized by coupling methods as co-precipitation, and wet chemical reduction. The simple single-pot electrochemical technique was used to deposition of CuO-Cu2O on ITO coated glass substrates to applying in electrochemical sensing four substances as dopamine, serotonin, acetaminophen, and caffeine. The prepared CuO-Cu2O was characterized by various identification techniques including XRD, FTIR, EDS, DLS, and Raman spectroscopy. XRD curves depicts monoclinic and cubic phases of CuO and Cu2O, respectively. The electrochemical tests depicted that the CuO-Cu2O electrode possessed a powerful synergistic impact and displayed a commendable electrocatalytic oxidation capacity for the four desired substances. The prepared CuO-Cu2O electrode shows the best detection of dopamine and acetaminophen in compared to serotonin, and caffeine, with a limit of detection 0.10 µM, 0.06 µM, 0.12 µM, and 0.09 µM, respectively. Furthermore, the sensor exhibited satisfactory reproducibility, and selectivity. The retrieval showed a satisfactory outcome, as it was employed to evaluate the substances present in real samples. This demonstrates the sensor's practicality application.