Effect of SGLT-2 Inhibitors on Zebrafish Model with Diabetic Heart Failure

Diabetes mellitus (DM) has the rapidly increasing pervasiveness worldwide that causes various cardiovascular complications mainly heart failure (HF). The number of people with DM worldwide is over 425 million and is expected to reach 700 million by 2045. Heart Failure (HF) is the heart’s inability to provide sufficient blood to meet the body’s needs. Heart failure (HF), a major public health problem with considerable morbidity and mortality, is often accompanied by various degrees of progressively pathological enlargement of the left ventricular and abnormal cardiac remodelling by 2030; almost 3% of the population is predicted to have HF. Most anti-diabetic drugs have the effect of increasing the metabolic risk of diabetes in heart failure, since they raise the risk of death and hospitalization for heart failure in patients with and without heart failure. Since lenient glycaemic control with newer therapeutic agents has shown to significantly reduce mortality, morbidity, and risk of developing heart failure in diabetic patients with proven cardiovascular disease, this effect may be related to a direct effect of the glucose-lowering molecules on the cardiovascular system and/or to a negative effect of excessive glucose lowering.