Research progress on electrospun high-strength micro/nano ceramic fibers

Novel multifunctional micro/nanodevices and three-dimensional flexible porous materials have led to an urgent need for low-dimensional materials with resistance to high temperatures, corrosion, and high strength. With excellent high-temperature microstructural stability, high specific surface area, high aspect ratio, and oxidation resistance, electrospun micro/nano ceramic fibers are a class of core materials that are promising for micro/nanodevices and thermal insulation components designed for extreme environments. However, the mechanical properties of electrospun micro/nano ceramic fibers are far lower than the theoretical values, hindering their broad application. Beginning with the key factors that affect fiber strength and flexibility, it is the key direction of micro/nanofiber research to optimize the design of fiber microstructures by optimizing material systems and processes, thereby improving their mechanical strength and flexibility. This article reviews the research progress of micro/nano ceramic fiber categories, mechanical properties, microstructural dependence of mechanical strength, and strengthening strategies. Finally, the future development direction of micro/nano ceramic fiber strengthening is proposed.