纳米医学
药效学
医学
药品
药代动力学
药理学
治疗指标
临床试验
内科学
纳米颗粒
纳米技术
材料科学
作者
Shahriar Sharifi,Giulio Caracciolo,Daniela Pozzi,Luca Digiacomo,Jennifer M. Swann,Heike E. Daldrup‐Link,Morteza Mahmoudi
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.addr.2021.04.028
摘要
Males and females have physiological, hormonal, and genetic differences that can cause different responses to medicinal treatments. The role of sex in the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs is well established in the literature. However, researchers have yet to robustly and consistently consider the impact of sex differences on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of nanomedicine formulations when designing nanomedicine therapeutics and/or constructing clinical trials. In this review, we highlight the physiological and anatomical differences between sexes and discuss how these differences can influence the therapeutic efficacy, side effects, and drug delivery safety of nanomedicine products. A deep understanding of the effects of sex on nano-based drug delivery agents will robustly improve the risk assessment process, resulting in safer formulations, successful clinical translation, and improved therapeutic efficacies for both sexes.
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