The Vital Role of Long Non-Coding RNA SUMO1P3 in the Regulation of Human Cancer: Current Perspectives and Future Challenges

Abstract: Small Ubiquitin-like Modifier 1 Pseudogene 3 (SUMO1P3) is a novel long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) located at the 1q23.2 locus of the human chromosome. Recent evidence indicates that SUMO1P3 is aberrantly upregulated in nine types of human cancer and functions as an oncogene. Elevated SUMO1P3 expression is strongly associated with unfavorable clinicopathological features and poor prognosis in eight cancer types. Mechanistically, SUMO1P3 functions as a miRNA sponge, an epigenetic regulator, and directly interacting with proteins. It activates key signaling pathways, such as the Wnt/β-catenin and AKT pathways, and regulates Epithelial- Mesenchymal Transition (EMT), which facilitates cancer progression and therapy resistance. Due to its diverse functional roles, SUMO1P3 emerges as a promising diagnostic and prognostic biomarker, as well as a potential therapeutic target in precision oncology. This review provides a comprehensive summary of current research on SUMO1P3, highlighting its regulatory mechanisms, biological functions, and clinical significance in cancer biology.