Technological evaluation of defatted black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae meal as a food ingredient in adult maintenance dog biscuits

Abstract The incorporation of insect-based protein is emerging as a sustainable alternative in food production systems, particularly in the pet food industry. This study evaluated the partial replacement of wheat flour with Hermetia illucens larvae meal (HILM) at levels of 10%, 15%, and 20% in dog biscuit formulations. The effects on dough rheology, technological quality, and nutritional composition were assessed. HILM inclusion significantly influenced dough behavior, increasing protein and fiber content while altering texture and color properties. The 10% replacement level demonstrated optimal performance, balancing improved nutritional value with acceptable processing characteristics. Texture analysis revealed increased hardness and fracturability, and color evaluation showed biscuit darkening at higher inclusion levels. These findings support the use of HILM as a viable protein source for canine biscuits and emphasize the importance of considering both nutritional and technological aspects when formulating insect-enriched pet foods. This integrated approach contributes to the advancement of innovative and sustainable solutions in the pet food sector.