Prevalence and factors related with venous thromboembolism in patients admitted to the critical care units: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Venous thromboembolism is one of the most common cardiovascular disorders in the any intensive care units (ICUs), which annually leads to death and imposes great costs on patients and society worldwide. The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the prevalence and factors related to venous thromboembolism in the ICUs as a systematic review and meta-analysis. The current study was conducted in international databases, on all descriptive and analytical studies and clinical and semi-experimental trial studies, without time limit until November 2, 2021. The present study was designed and implemented based on PRISMA guideline. The quality of the studies was checked using STROBE checklist and meta-analysis was performed using CMA software. Among the 3204 articles found, after the evaluations, 189 articles entered the full text review phase, and as a result, 38 articles were included in the study. The reported prevalence of thromboembolism was 1-45%. The prevalence of venous thromboembolism was 12% in overall. The chance of venous thromboembolism was higher in ICUs patients >57 years old and ICUs patients with a history of venous thromboembolism. The results of this study showed that venous thromboembolism has a higher prevalence in ICUs patients in comparison to non-ICUs patients. It is recommended to nurses and healthcare staffs to provide accurate decision and care for prevention of venous thromboembolism and paying attention to the patient's warning signs, timely administration of anticoagulants, and monitor coagulation factors.