Discovery of Potent and Selective CB2 Agonists Utilizing a Function-Based Computational Screening Protocol

Nowadays, the identification of agonists and antagonists represents a great challenge in computer-aided drug design. In this work, we developed a computational protocol enabling us to design/screen novel chemicals that are likely to serve as selective CB2 agonists. The principle of this protocol is that by calculating the ligand-residue interaction profile (LRIP) of a ligand binding to a specific target, the agonist-antagonist function of a compound is then able to be determined after statistical analysis and free energy calculations. This computational protocol was successfully applied in CB2 agonist development starting from a lead compound, and a success rate of 70% was achieved. The functions of the synthesized derivatives were determined by in vitro functional assays. Moreover, the identified potent CB2 agonists and antagonists strongly interact with the key residues identified using the already known potent CB2 agonists/antagonists. The analysis of the interaction profile of compound 6, a potent agonist, showed strong interactions with F2.61, I186, and F2.64, while compound 39, a potent antagonist, showed strong interactions with L17, W6.48, V6.51, and C7.42. Still, some residues including V3.32, T3.33, S7.39, F183, W5.43, and I3.29 are hotspots for both CB2 agonists and antagonists. More significantly, we identified three hotspot residues in the loop, including I186 for agonists, L17 for antagonists, and F183 for both. These hotspot residues are typically not considered in CB1/CB2 rational ligand design. In conclusion, LRIP is a useful concept in rationally designing a compound to possess a certain function.