Macroscale Collagen‐Actomyosin Hybrid Actuator Built from Bioderived Materials

Abstract Biological muscles mainly consist of motor proteins that play essential roles and have a hierarchical structure covered with collagen that can transmit the tension to bones via tendons. The artificial reconstruction of motor proteins is highly expected from the viewpoint of engineering and biology. Although artificial muscles have been developed via synthetic and biological molecular motors, there is a considerable gap between the components of artificial and biological muscles, resulting in a significant obstacle to further scale‐up and force transfer through macroscale structures. To overcome these obstacles via bioderived biomolecules, this study proposes a collagen‐actomyosin hybrid soft actuator inspired by the structure of biological muscles. Collagen gel entrapping actomyosin can play roles in maintaining the actuator's shape and transmitting the tensile force. The generated forces reach the micro‐newton range, enabling the actuation of millimeter‐scale mechanical components. These properties may be helpful for the fabrication of soft robotic systems with advanced functionalities.