Evaluating conventional and renewable energy systems for green buildings: A case study on energy efficiency and cost optimization

This study explores two primary categories of power generation: conventional methods reliant on fossil fuels and renewable energy methods. Fossil fuel-based approaches, including natural gas and heavy fuel oil, contribute to environmental concerns due to their carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, which are responsible for the greenhouse effect and global warming. Many nations, particularly in Europe, have implemented stringent measures to restrict CO2 emissions, imposing fines on industries that exceed emission limits. In response to these concerns, this study focuses on a green building project that aims to meet its power requirements through renewable energy sources. Various renewable energy resources will be evaluated, considering the merits and drawbacks of each technology, to identify the most suitable option for the building under investigation. Additionally, a comprehensive thermodynamic analysis will be conducted, including calculations of electrical needs such as cooling load, lighting load, and equipment load. A customized power calculator will also be developed for application in similar projects. The ultimate objective of this study is to achieve complete autonomy from the electric grid by utilizing renewable energy resources, transforming the building into a green building. The results indicate that at an outside temperature of 22 °C, the total heat gain decreases from 157.3 to 39 kW, reducing the total cost of electricity from 20,000 to 5100 AED/year. Conversely, at an outside temperature of 50 °C, the total heat gain increases from 157.3 to 196 kW, raising the total cost of electricity from 20,000 to 26,000 AED/year. These findings demonstrate the significant influence of outside temperature on the building's energy requirements and costs, underscoring the importance of considering temperature variations in energy efficiency and cost optimization strategies.