Metal–Organic Framework‐Based Nanomaterials for Supercapacitor Applications: Design, Fabrication, and Electrochemical Performance

Energy demand on a global scale, the gravity of sustainable energy requirements, huge quantities of CO 2 emissions, and the quick exhaustion of nonrenewable resources have all prompted academics to push eco-friendly, high-performance energy storage technologies. The evolution of batteries and supercapacitors (SCs) has astoundingly drawn a huge surge of research attention and scientific publications and has paved the way to achieve that goal. SCs, on the other hand, are undergoing quick and substantial development. Desirable electrochemical benefits such as prolonged cycle life, large power density, and quick charge–discharge frequency, along with other characteristics of commercial importance, make this possible. It is evident that the electrode materials and electrolytes utilized play a significant role in achieving outstanding results. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) and their derivatives with adjustable intrinsic characteristics are being developed as templates for the synthesis of porous carbon (PC), sulfides/metal oxide (MO)-based electrode materials for use in SCs. Their exceptional porous architecture, tunable structure, large surface area, electrochemical stability, and excellent conductivity make these materials desirable to meet the high specific capacitance and long-standing cyclic performance of SCs. Various research publications have specified the use of UiO-66/67, ZIF-series, MOF-74, MOF-5, MIL-based, Cu 3 (HITP) 2 , and Ni 3 (HITP) 2 , as electrode materials in SCs. This chapter is directed toward explaining the design, fabrication, and electrochemical activity of MOF-based nanomaterials for SC applications.