Superwetting materials as catalysts in photocatalysis: State-of-the-Art review

Solid–liquid–air joint interface-based triphasic superwetting catalysts offer a promising approach to enhance photocatalysis for tackling escalating organic contamination worldwide. Conventional diphasic photocatalytic systems that rely on solid–liquid interfaces have limited reaction rates owing to their low oxygen concentrations and sluggish diffusion rates. This review focuses on the latest developments in triphasic superwetting photocatalytic materials and emphasizes their unique ability to drive reactions at gas, liquid, and solid interfaces. The significance of superwetting materials is highlighted by exploring their wetting phenomena and surface behaviors. This review discusses triphasic superwetting photocatalytic materials and photocatalysts with varying wettabilities and underscores the importance of novel superwetting triphasic nanoarray catalysts for highly efficient organic waste reduction. Finally, this review offers insights into potential future research directions to further advance the field of sustainable and environmentally friendly waste-reduction technologies.