[Clinical characteristics and associated factors of mild cognitive impairment in patients with common cardiovascular diseases].

Objective: To analyze the clinical characteristics of patients with common cardiovascular diseases (CVD, including hypertension, coronary heart disease, atrial fibrillation, and heart failure) combined with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and explore the potential risk factors of MCI in patients with CVD. Methods: A total of 2 294 patients with common cardiovascular diseases who met the criteria at Cardiology Medical Center in Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, from June 1, 2021, to January 5, 2022, were retrospectively included. The patients were divided into the normal cognitive function group (1 107 cases) and the MCI group (1 187 cases). Demographic information and CVD status were collected. The information of cognitive function were collected using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scales. The difference between normal cognitive function and MCI were compared and analyzed. The logistic regression analysis was used to explored risk factors of MCI in CVD patients. Results: A total of 2 294 patients aged (60.6±10.4) years were included, among whom there were 29.99% (688 cases) females. Compared with patients in the normal cognitive function group, patients in the MCI group were older [ (57.9±11.4) vs (63.1±8.9) years old, P<0.001], with a higher proportion of women [26.47% (293 cases) vs 33.28% (395 cases), P<0.001]; there was a higher proportion of patients suffering from hypertension in the MCI group [59.62% (660 cases) vs 64.62% (767 cases), P=0.014］, and more components of CVD [(1.68±0.62) vs (1.74±0.65) components, P=0.017]. The risk factors of MCI in patients with common CVD were increased age, increased depression score, combined with hypertension, and ≥3 common components of CVD, with OR (95%CI) of 1.043 (1.032-1.054), 1.021 (1.004-1.037), 1.151 (1.142-3.439), and 1.137 (1.023-1.797), respectively (all P values <0.05). Increasing education level was observed to be associated with reduced risk of MCI with OR (95%CI) of 0.319 (0.271-0.378) (P<0.05). Conclusions: The incidence of MCI was high in CVD patients. The risk factors of MCI in CVD patients included hypertension and≥3 common components of CVD.目的： 分析常见心血管疾病（高血压、冠心病、心房颤动和心力衰竭）合并轻度认知障碍（MCI）患者的临床特征及其发生MCI的影响因素。 方法： 回顾性纳入2021年6月1日至2022年1月5日于首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院心脏内科医学中心就诊的符合标准的常见心血管疾病患者2 294例，根据认知功能情况将研究对象分为认知功能正常组（1 107例）和MCI组（1 187例）。收集所有患者人口学信息、心血管疾病情况、蒙特利尔认知评估（MoCA）等精神心理量表和认知障碍诊断等相关疾病信息。比较两组患者的疾病特征，采用多因素logistic回归模型分析常见心血管疾病背景下发生MCI的相关因素。 结果： 2 294例常见心血管疾病住院患者的年龄为（60.6±10.4）岁，女性占29.99%（688例）。与认知功能正常组相比，MCI组年龄更大［（57.9±11.4）比（63.1±8.9）岁，P<0.001）］，女性所占比例较高［26.47%（293例）比 33.28%（395例），P<0.001］；MCI组中罹患高血压的患者比例更高［59.62%（660例）比 64.62%（767例），P=0.014］，共患心血管病的数量更多［（1.68±0.62）比（1.74±0.65）种，P=0.017］。常见心血管疾病患者发生MCI的危险因素为：年龄增加、抑郁评分增高、罹患高血压、共患≥3种常见心血管疾病，OR值（95%CI）分别为1.043（1.032~1.054）、1.021（1.004~1.037）、1.151（1.142~3.439）、1.137（1.023~1.797）；受教育程度增高会降低MCI发生的风险，OR值（95%CI）为0.319（0.271~0.378）；均P<0.05。 结论： 常见心血管疾病患者的MCI发生率较高。常见心血管疾病发生MCI的可能危险因素主要包括高血压和共患≥3种常见心血管疾病等。.