Polyurethane Foam with High-Efficiency Flame Retardant, Heat Insulation, and Sound Absorption Modified By Phosphorus-Containing Graphene Oxide

Polyurethane foam (PUF) is the most widely used polymeric foam, owing to its low cost, minimal density, and superior thermal insulation characteristics. Nonetheless, its applications are constrained by suboptimal acoustics and fire performance coupled with safety concerns. This study introduces phosphorus-containing graphene oxide (D-GO)─a derivative of graphene oxide (GO)─that is designed and modified to enhance the performance of PUF considerably. The D-GO composited PUF (D-GO/PUF) was synthesized by employing vacuum impregnation technology. Experimental results demonstrated that, compared to pure PUF, the peak heat release rate (pHRR) and a maximum of specific optical density of smoke (Ds max) in trials with pilot flames of D-GO/PUF-3 were reduced by up to 55.34 and 45.18%, respectively. Furthermore, the limiting oxygen index (LOI) of D-GO/PUF-3 was 57.1% higher than that of PUF. Additionally, the average sound absorption coefficient of D-GO/PUF-2 was 245.45% greater than that of PUF. Moreover, the D-GO/PUF composite retained its exceptional thermal insulation properties. This study provides a strategic approach for enhancing the flame-retardant efficacy of GO-based fillers, along with remarkable advancements in smoke suppression, sound absorption, and noise reduction in polymeric foams.