The establishment and biological assessment of a whole tissue‐engineered intervertebral disc with PBST fibers and a chitosan hydrogel in vitro and in vivo

Abstract Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration (IDD) is the main cause of low back pain in the clinic. In the advanced stage of IDD, both cell transplantation and gene therapy have obvious limitations. At this stage, tissue‐engineered IVDs (TE‐IVDs) provide new hope for the treatment of this disease. We aimed to construct a TE‐IVD with a relatively complete structure. The inner annulus fibrosus (AF) was constructed using poly (butylene succinate‐co‐terephthalate) copolyester (PBST) electrospun fibers, and the outer AF consisted of solid PBST. The nucleus pulposus (NP) scaffold was constructed using a chitosan hydrogel, as reported in our previous research. The three components were assembled in vitro, and the mechanical properties were analyzed. AF and NP cells were implanted on the corresponding scaffolds. Then, the cell‐seeded scaffolds were implanted subcutaneously in nude mice and cultured for 4 weeks; then they were removed and implanted into New Zealand white rabbits. After 4 weeks, their properties were analyzed. The PBST outer AF provided mechanical support for the whole TE‐IVD. The electrospun film and chitosan hydrogel simulated the natural structure of the IVD well. Its mechanical property could meet the requirement of the normal IVD. Four weeks later, X‐ray and MR imaging examination results suggested that the height of the intervertebral space was retained. The cells on the TE‐IVD expressed extracellular matrix, which indicated that the cells maintained their biological function. Therefore, we conclude that the whole TE‐IVD has biological and biomechanical properties to some extent, which is a promising candidate for IVD replacement therapies. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B: 2305–2316, 2019.