列线图
淋巴血管侵犯
医学
瘤芽
食管切除术
食管鳞状细胞癌
淋巴结
肿瘤科
淋巴结转移
粘膜切除术
转移
食管癌
内科学
解剖(医学)
癌
病理
外科
癌症
内窥镜检查
作者
Hong Tao Lin,Ahmed Abdelbaki,Somashekar G. Krishna
标识
DOI:10.3748/wjg.v30.i10.1291
摘要
In recent years, endoscopic resection, particularly endoscopic submucosal dissection, has become increasingly popular in treating non-metastatic superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). In this evolving paradigm, it is crucial to identify factors that predict higher rates of lymphatic invasion and poorer outcomes. Larger tumor size, deeper invasion, poorer differentiation, more infiltrative growth patterns (INF-c), higher-grade tumor budding, positive lymphovascular invasion, and certain biomarkers have been associated with lymph node metastasis and increased morbidity through retrospective reviews, leading to the construction of comprehensive nomograms for outcome prediction. If validated by future prospective studies, these nomograms would prove highly applicable in guiding the selection of treatment for superficial ESCC.
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