Modulations of probiotics on gut microbiota in a 5‐fluorouracil‐induced mouse model of mucositis

Abstract Background and Aim Intestinal mucositis remained one of the most deleterious complications in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. 5‐FU treatment was reported to affect the abundance of gut microbiota and cause mucositis, which might be ameliorated by probiotics. We investigate the potential changes of 5‐FU treatment and the modulations of probiotics on gut microbiota in a mouse model. Methods Male BALB/c mice received either 5‐FU or saline (S). They were separated and fed saline, Lactobacillus casei variety rhamnosus (Lcr) and Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 (BG). Lcr and BG were simultaneously administered with 5‐FU for 5 days. Stool specimens were collected for DNA extraction and pyrosequenced for bioinformatic analysis. Results Fecal microbial communities were obviously diverse. Bacteroides and Bacteroidaceae were the most abundant microbiota in FU.BG group while S24_7 was the most in S.S group. At phylum and class levels, abundances of Betaproteobacteria, Erysipelotrichi, Gammaproteobacteria, and Verrucomicrobia were significantly increased in the FU groups. Probiotics supplementation did increase the abundances of Enterobacteriales and Turicibacterales. We demonstrated that probiotics did modulate the abundance and diversity of gut microbiota. Bacterial motility proteins were found enriched and upregulated in the S.BG group. No mortality was noted. No bacterial translocation was found in spleen and blood among the six groups. Conclusion Gut microbiota of mice undergoing chemotherapy exhibited a distinct disruption in bacterial composition. Probiotic did modulate the abundance and diversity of gut microbiota. This is the first study to analyze the effects and safety of Lactobacillus strains on 5‐FU‐induced mucositis systematically and assess changes in the intestinal microbiota after probiotic intervention.