肠细胞
乳糜微粒
脂滴
高脂血症
脂质代谢
过氧化物酶体
化学
受体
生物
胆固醇
内分泌学
生物化学
内科学
小肠
脂蛋白
糖尿病
极低密度脂蛋白
医学
作者
Alyssa S. Zembroski,Changting Xiao,Kimberly K. Buhman
标识
DOI:10.1146/annurev-nutr-110320-013657
摘要
Dietary fat absorption is required for health but also contributes to hyperlipidemia and metabolic disease when dysregulated. One step in the process of dietary fat absorption is the formation of cytoplasmic lipid droplets (CLDs) in small intestinal enterocytes; these CLDs serve as dynamic triacylglycerol storage organelles that influence the rate at which dietary fat is absorbed. Recent studies have uncovered novel factors regulating enterocyte CLD metabolism that in turn influence the absorption of dietary fat. These include peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α activation, compartmentalization of different lipid pools, the gut microbiome, liver X receptor and farnesoid X receptor activation, obesity, and physiological factors stimulating CLD mobilization. Understanding how enterocyte CLD metabolism is regulated is key in modulating the absorption of dietary fat in the prevention of hyperlipidemia and its associated metabolic disorders.
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