Selected viral neuroinfections in children

Viral meningitis may be present not only in adults but also in children. It constitutes a significant public health problem in child population. The clinical manifestation of the disease in children varies depending on the age of the child, the causative agent or the way of acquiring the infection. Thanks to the widespread availability of vaccinations, the epidemiology of central nervous system infections is changing. The methods of diagnosing and determining the causative factor have also changed. Sensitive and rapid molecular methods such as PCR tests are being used more frequently. The article contains an overview of the most common causes, clinical signs and symptoms, complications and principles of diagnosing and treating viral meningitis in children. Currently, Enteroviruses are at the top positions among the causes of sporadic and epidemic meningitis in children living in various geographic regions of the world. In European countries, the common cause of viral meningitis and/or encephalitis is tick-borne encephalitis virus. The severity of the clinical course of TBE is inversely proportional to the age of the affected children. In USA, sub-Saharan Africa and recently in southern Europe epidemic West Nile Virus (Flaviviridae family) central system infections were reported. Herpes simplex encephalitis is uncommon in children and has a severe course (especially in vertically infected infants). The mortality rate in Herpes simplex encephalitis is 20- 25% despite acyclovir treatment.