First Report of Cucurbit Chlorotic Yellows Virus Infecting Cucumis melo (Muskmelon and Oriental Melon) in Korea

HomePlant DiseaseVol. 105, No. 9First Report of Cucurbit Chlorotic Yellows Virus Infecting Cucumis melo (Muskmelon and Oriental Melon) in Korea PreviousNext DISEASE NOTE OPENOpen Access licenseFirst Report of Cucurbit Chlorotic Yellows Virus Infecting Cucumis melo (Muskmelon and Oriental Melon) in KoreaI. S. Cho, T. B. Kim, J. Y. Yoon, B. N. Chung, J. Hammond, and H. S. LimI. S. ChoNational Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA, Wanju, 55365, Republic of KoreaSearch for more papers by this author, T. B. KimNational Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA, Wanju, 55365, Republic of KoreaSearch for more papers by this author, J. Y. YoonNational Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA, Wanju, 55365, Republic of KoreaSearch for more papers by this author, B. N. Chunghttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7909-2152National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA, Wanju, 55365, Republic of KoreaSearch for more papers by this author, J. HammondUnited States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, United States National Arboretum, Floral and Nursery Plants Research Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705, U.S.A.Search for more papers by this author, and H. S. Lim†Corresponding author: H. S. Lim; E-mail Address: hyounlim@cnu.ac.krhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5690-3864Department of Applied Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, KoreaSearch for more papers by this author AffiliationsAuthors and Affiliations I. S. Cho1 T. B. Kim1 J. Y. Yoon1 B. N. Chung1 J. Hammond2 H. S. Lim3 † 1National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea 2United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, United States National Arboretum, Floral and Nursery Plants Research Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705, U.S.A. 3Department of Applied Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea Published Online:6 Oct 2021https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-11-20-2375-PDNAboutSectionsView articlePDFPDF Plus ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmailWechat View articleIn December 2018, virus-like symptoms (yellowing, vein clearing) were observed on 2% of muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) plants in plastic houses on a farm in Gyeongsang province, Korea. Total RNA from two symptomatic and two asymptomatic plants was extracted using an RNeasy Plant Mini Kit (Qiagen, Germany) for high-throughput sequencing (HTS). After preprocessing and Ribo-Zero rRNA removal, a cDNA library was prepared (Illumina TruSeq Stranded Total RNA kit) and sequenced (Illumina NovaSeq 6000 system; Macrogen, Korea). De novo assembly of 88,222,684 HTS reads with Trinity software (r20140717) yielded 146,269 contigs of 201 to 28,442 bp, which were screened against the NCBI viral genome database by BLASTn. Contigs from cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), melon necrotic spot virus (MNSV), tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), and watermelon mosaic virus (WMV) were identified, all previously reported in Korea. Two contigs (8,539 and 8,040 bp) with 99.9% sequence identity to distinct cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus (CCYV) isolates (JN641883, RNA1, Taiwan; MH819191, RNA2, China) were also identified. The 10 sequences most closely related to each RNA of the Korean isolate (≥99% coverage, ≥99.6% nt identity) were from Japan, China, Taiwan, or Israel. CCYV presence was confirmed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using newly designed specific primers, RdRp-F/RdRp-R (5′-ACCGAACACTTGGCTATCCAA-3′/5′-CTTAATGCCGCGTATGAACTCA-3′) and HSP-F/HSP-R (5′-TGAACGACACTGAGTTCATTCCTA-3′/5′-CGCCAAGATCGTACATGAGGAA-3′), against RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp; RNA1) and the heat shock protein 70 homolog (HSP70h; RNA2). Symptomatic samples yielded products of expected sizes (RdRp, 450 bp; HSP70h, 510 bp), whereas asymptomatic samples did not. The amplicons were cloned, and two clones of each were sequenced (Bioneer, Korea; GenBank nos. LC592226 and LC592227), showing 100 and 99.2% nt identity with RdRp and HSP70h genes of Chinese CCYV isolate SD (MH819190 and MH819191, respectively) and other Asian isolates. Primers specific for CMV, WMV, beet pseudo-yellows virus (Okuda et al. 2007), TMV (Kim et al. 2018), MNSV (F/R, 5′-ATCTCGCATTTGGCATTACTC-3′/5′-ATTTGTAGAGATGCCAACGTA-3′), cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus (Zeng et al. 2011), and cucurbit aphid-borne yellows virus (F/R, 5′-CGGTCTATTGTCTGCAGTACCA-3′/5′-GTAGAGGATCTTGAATTGGTCCTCA-3′) were also used. None of these viruses were detected in the symptomatic samples, but both asymptomatic plants were positive for CMV and WMV, and one also for MNSV. In June and September 2020, muskmelon and oriental melon (C. melo var. makuwa) plants with yellowing disease (incidence 80 to 90%) and whiteflies were observed in all investigated plastic houses of one muskmelon and one oriental melon farm in Gyeonggi and Jeolla provinces. Symptomatic samples (14 muskmelon; six oriental melon) were collected and RT-PCR tested as above; 19/20 samples were positive for CCYV but none for the other viruses. The oriental melon sequence (LC592895, LC592230) showed 99.7 and 100% nt identity with the RdRp and HSP70h genes of Chinese isolate SD, respectively. CCYV was first reported in Japan (Okuda et al. 2010), Taiwan, and China (Gu et al. 2011; Huang et al. 2010); to our knowledge, this is the first report of CCYV infecting muskmelon and oriental melon in Korea. Whitefly-transmitted CCYV could present a serious threat of yield losses to cucurbit crops in Korea, requiring control of vector populations to prevent spread of CCYV.The author(s) declare no conflict of interest.References:Gu, Q. S., et al. 2011. Plant Dis. 95:73. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-07-10-0550 Link, ISI, Google ScholarHuang, L. H., et al. 2010. Plant Dis. 94:1168. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-94-9-1168B Link, ISI, Google ScholarKim, E. K., et al. 2018. Res. Plant Dis. 24:81. Crossref, Google ScholarOkuda, M., et al. 2007. Kyushu Pl. Prot. Res. 53:9. https://doi.org/10.4241/kyubyochu.53.9 Crossref, Google ScholarOkuda, M., et al. 2010. Phytopathology 100:560. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-100-6-0560 Link, ISI, Google ScholarZeng, R., et al. 2011. Plant Dis. 95:354. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-08-10-0613 Link, ISI, Google ScholarThe author(s) declare no conflict of interest.Funding: This research was carried out with the support of “Cooperative Research Program for Agriculture Science & Technology Development” Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea (Project No. PJ01260901).DetailsFiguresLiterature CitedRelated Vol. 105, No. 9 September 2021SubscribeISSN:0191-2917e-ISSN:1943-7692 DownloadCaptionKadsura coccinea showing leaf spot caused by Botryosphaeria dothidea (D. Su et al.). Photo credit: D. Su. Leaf spot caused by Ramularia coleosporii on Perilla (M. Aktaruzzaman et al.). Photo credit: B. S. Kim. Injection inoculated maize plant showing a classification standard for maize stalk rot (W. Y. Jiang et al.). Photo credit: Y. G. Li. Metrics Downloaded 604 times Article History Issue Date: 8 Dec 2021Published: 6 Oct 2021First Look: 2 Feb 2021Accepted: 30 Jan 2021 Page: 2740 Information© 2021 The American Phytopathological SocietyFundingRural Development AdministrationGrant/Award Number: PJ01260901Keywordsmuskmelonoriental meloncucurbit chlorotic yellows virusKoreaThe author(s) declare no conflict of interest.PDF download