tRNA and Synthetases

This chapter contains sections titled: tRNA: Structure and Function Introduction Secondary Structure Tertiary Structure tRNA Modifications Recognition of tRNA by tRNA synthetase: Identity Elements Is the tRNA Cloverleaf Structure a Pre-requisite for the L-shape? Other Functions of tRNA outside the Ribosomal Elongation Cycle Human Neurodegenerative Disorders Associated with Mitochondrial tRNAs References Aminoacylations of tRNAs: Record-keepers for the Genetic Code Introduction The Operational RNA Code Extant Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetases The Origin of Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetase Classes: Two Proteins bound to one tRNA A Common Genetic Origin for all Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetases? Evolution of Extant Enzymes prior to LUCA Changes in Acceptor Stem Identity Elements Correlate with Changes in the Code References