eIF3a R803K mutation mediates chemotherapy resistance by inducing cellular senescence in small cell lung cancer

Drug resistance in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) significantly affects the efficacy of chemotherapy treatment. However, due to the lack of tumor tissue samples, especially serial tumor samples during chemotherapy, the mechanism of chemotherapy resistance has not been fully studied. Circulating tumor DNA, which can be obtained in a noninvasive manner, can complement tumor sampling approaches for research in this field. We identified an SCLC patient with acquired drug resistance from 52 SCLC patients for whom follow-up data were available. By comparing somatic mutations in circulating tumor DNA before and after chemotherapy, for the first time, we found that the somatic mutation eIF3A R803K may be related to acquired chemotherapy resistance. Then, the association between the eIF3A R803K mutation and chemotherapy resistance was confirmed by samples from 254 lung cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. We found that the eIF3a R803K mutation weakened the proliferation ability of tumor cells but increased their resistance to chemotherapy. Further studies revealed that the eIF3A R803K mutation promotes cellular senescence. In addition, fisetin showed a synergistic effect with chemotherapy in eIF3A R803K mutant cells. These results suggest that the eIF3A R803K somatic mutation has the potential to predict chemotherapy resistance in SCLC. Moreover, the eIF3A R803K mutation promotes chemotherapy resistance by inducing senescence. Furthermore, a senolytic drug, fisetin, can reverse chemotherapy resistance mediated by the eIF3A R803K mutation.