Primary zinc-air batteries

Abstract Zinc-air batteries (ZABs) have the highest theoretical specific energy density (1350 Wh kg−1) among the non-air-cathode primary batteries, and one of the highest specific energy densities among the other metal-air battery systems. Its current commercial form has undergone over a century of development, where its size and energy density characteristics have evolved according to the applications and needs of the consumer market. The aim of this chapter is to present a detailed overview of the modern ZABs. It details the historical development of this promising chemistry from the 1800s to the present days, where cell designs have evolved to serve the need of applications like the early telephones to railway applications and modern-day hearing aids. The current application of the modern ZAB in hearing aids is discussed with data presented from various commercial manufacturers. Finally, safety and recycling characteristics of the ZAB is discussed with a final outlook on its current market position and its future growth.