Effect of cognitive tasks on balance abilities in U-12 gymnasts, handball players and video gamers

Purpose This study aims to investigate the immediate effects of cognitive tasks on static and dynamic balance in gymnasts, handball players, and video gamers under the age of 12 years, using dual-task paradigm. Methods A sample of 50 children under the age of 12 years was divided into three groups (i.e., gymnasts, handball players, and video gamers). They participated in a dual-task experiment involving mental rotation tasks with static and dynamic balance assessments. Participants performed mental rotation tasks (i.e., object-based 3D cube and human body conditions) while simultaneously maintaining static and/or dynamic balance on a stabilometric platform. Center of pressure sway, acceleration, and displacement were measured. Performance in both cognitive and balance tasks was recorded and analyzed. Results The results revealed significant immediate beneficial effects of cognitive tasks on dynamic balance. Specifically, dual tasks led to improved performance in mental rotation tasks and enhanced postural control, as evidenced by a reduced center-of pressure sway (p < 0.01). Athletes demonstrated greater improvements than non-athletes, highlighting the effectiveness of cognitive engagement in improving postural control. Conclusions These results suggest that participation in sports during childhood can significantly enhance neuromuscular control and balance, which are critical for maintaining stability. The findings highlight the importance of integrating cognitive challenges into physical training. This approach enhances both cognitive and motor performance in young athletes.