Recent Developments and Future Perspectives in Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Computed Tomography Contrast Media

Abstract This review provides a comprehensive analysis of recent advancements in computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast media, offering a critical evaluation of current trends and exploring future directions in the field. New clinical developments within the last 5–8 years are considered as well as clinical efficacy and safety aspects. For CT, the general safety of low- and iso-osmolar iodinated contrast agents and their effect on renal and thyroid function are reviewed. Special attention is given to contrast-enhanced mammography and a short outlook to photon-counting CT is provided. For MRI, a brief update on general safety, nephrogenic systemic fibrosis and the presence of gadolinium in the brain is given. The 2 new high-relaxivity gadolinium-based contrast agents, gadopiclenol and gadoquatrane (in late-stage clinical development), are highlighted. The review also describes targeted gadolinium-based contrast agents, superparamagnetic iron oxide particles, and developments of manganese-based contrast agents. It also introduces the emerging field of glymphatic imaging.