Biomarker Analysis and Treatment Dynamics Following Preoperative Ipilimumab plus Nivolumab in Locally Advanced Urothelial Cancer from the Phase IB NABUCCO Study

Our data indicate that tumor mutational burden, PD-L1, and TGFβ are potential biomarkers for response to ipilimumab plus nivolumab in stage III urothelial cancer. An inflammatory TME might be relevant for responding to ipilimumab-low. We found that in responders to ipilimumab-high, TCF7+CD8+ T cells accumulated in the TME. scRNA-seq in two responders suggested that TCF7+CD8A+ T cells express genes associated with immunologic memory formation and T-cell homing.