Single-cell analysis reveals hypoxia-induced immunosuppressive microenvironment in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma

The role of hypoxia in the tumor microenvironment of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) remains unclear. Here, we generated a comprehensive atlas of the entire tumor microenvironment and delineated the multifaceted cell-cell interactions to decipher hypoxia-induced pro-tumor immune suppression. We discovered hypoxia is significantly associated with iCCA progression via the activation of HIF1A expression. Moreover, hypoxia-dependent PPARγ-mediated fatty acid oxidation in APOE