Recent advancement of surface modification techniques of 2-D nanomaterials

Nanomaterials having superior properties have become one of the major components in development of various products for numerous applications. Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials like graphene, clay, silicate, layered double oxide, phosphate, and layered metal oxide have remarkable mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties which covert them lucrative material for packaging, electronics, catalyst, batteries and energy applications. 2D materials are in use in the form of unmodified, hybrids, nanocomposites. Surface modification of 2D materials can reduce agglomeration of particles which can lead to better property and economical product. This manuscript discusses basic structure, properties, applications and shortcomings of selective 2D materials (Clay, Carbon allotropes, MXenes, Silicate and Phosphate, 2D metal oxide, Hexagonal boron nitride, MOF and covalent organic framework). Different surface modification techniques such as covalent modification, noncovalent modification, inorganic compounds based functionalization, click chemistry, Π-Π stacking, incorporation techniques, defect creation technique and structural engineering are discussed in corroboration with recent works.