Enhanced Mass Transfer of Ozone and Emerging Pollutants through a Gas–Solid–Liquid Reaction Interface for Efficient Water Decontamination

Ozone (O 3 ), as an environmentally friendly oxidant, is widely used to remove emerging pollutants and ensure the safety of the water supply, whereas the restricted accessibility of O 3 and limited collision frequency between pollutants and O 3 will inevitably reduce the ozonation efficiency. To promote the chemical reactions between O 3 and target pollutants, here we developed a novel gas–solid–liquid reaction interface dominated triphase ozonation system using a functional hydrophobic membrane with an adsorption layer as the O 3 distributor and place where chemical reactions occurred. In the triphase system, the functional hydrophobic membrane simultaneously improved the interface adsorption performance of emerging pollutants and the access pathway of O 3, leading to a marked enhancement of interfacial pollutant concentration and O 3 levels. These synergistic qualities result in high ciprofloxacin (CIP) removal efficiency (94.39%) and fast apparent reaction rate constant ( k app, 2.75 × 10 –2 min –1 ) versus a traditional O 3 process (41.82% and 0.48 × 10 –2 min –1, respectively). In addition, this triphase system was an advanced oxidation process involving radical participation and showed excellent degradation performance of multiple emerging pollutants. Our findings highlight the importance of gas–solid–liquid triphase reaction interface design and provide new insight into the efficient removal of emerging pollutants by the ozonation process.