氟康唑
假丝酵母病
生物
清脆的
遗传学
微生物学
泊沙康唑
基因
突变体
抗药性
突变
白色念珠菌
伊曲康唑
抗真菌
作者
Sophie Hartuis,Isabelle Ourliac‐Garnier,Estelle Robert,Marjorie Albassier,Léa Duchesne,Chrystel Beaufils,Joachim Kühn,Patrice Le Pape,Florent Morio
摘要
ABSTRACT Candida parapsilosis has recently emerged as a major threat due to the worldwide emergence of fluconazole-resistant strains causing clonal outbreaks in hospitals and poses a therapeutic challenge due to the limited antifungal armamentarium. Here, we used precise genome editing using CRISPR-Cas9 to gain further insights into the contribution of mutations in ERG11 , ERG3 , MRR1 , and TAC1 genes and the influence of allelic dosage to antifungal resistance in C. parapsilosis . Seven of the most common amino acid substitutions previously reported in fluconazole-resistant clinical isolates (including Y132F in ERG11 ) were engineered in two fluconazole-susceptible C. parapsilosis lineages (ATCC 22019 and STZ5). Each mutant was then challenged in vitro against a large array of antifungals, with a focus on azoles. Any possible change in virulence was also assessed in a Galleria mellonella model. We successfully generated a total of 19 different mutants, using CRISPR-Cas9. Except for R398I ( ERG11 ), all remaining amino acid substitutions conferred reduced susceptibility to fluconazole. However, the impact on fluconazole in vitro susceptibility varied greatly according to the engineered mutation, the stronger impact being noted for G583R acting as a gain-of-function mutation in MRR1 . Cross-resistance with newer azoles, non-medical azoles, but also non-azole antifungals such as flucytosine, was occasionally noted. Posaconazole and isavuconazole remained the most active in vitro . Except for G583R, no fitness cost was associated with the acquisition of fluconazole resistance. We highlight the distinct contributions of amino acid substitutions in ERG11 , ERG3 , MRR1 , and TAC1 genes to antifungal resistance in C. parapsilosis .
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